Desafíos bioéticos de la intervención genética: una crítica al principialismo en la era del CRISPR-Cas9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/dika.2026.35.1.2Palabras clave:
Autonomía individual, bioética, CRISPR-Cas9, derechos humanos, genética humana, ingeniería genéticaResumen
En un escenario definido por el avance acelerado de las tecnologías biomédicas, la posibilidad de intervenir en la línea germinal humana no solo introduce desafíos técnicos, sino que abre un horizonte ontológico donde las decisiones clínicas reconfiguran el legado genético de individuos aún no nacidos. En ese contexto, el presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar críticamente las limitaciones del marco bioético principialista frente a la edición genética mediante CRISPR-Cas9. Los hallazgos evidencian que el principialismo mantiene restricciones estructurales vinculadas a su dependencia de categorías centradas en sujetos presentes, autonomía individual, consentimiento informado y evaluación de riesgos inmediatos. En consecuencia, la irrupción de CRISPR-Cas9 demanda una reformulación bioética que amplíe y reubique ese enfoque dentro de una arquitectura normativa capaz de abordar dilemas transgeneracionales y globalmente distribuidos. A partir de ello, surge la necesidad de avanzar hacia una ética del límite orientada a salvaguardar la autonomía futura y la dignidad de las generaciones venideras.
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