Control constitucional en el mundo contemporáneo - Retrospectiva y prospectiva

Doreen Lustig; J. H. H. Weiler

doi:10.5294/dika.2021.30.2.1

Autores/as

Doreen Lustig Autor/a Universidad de Tel Aviv https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2053-8820
J. H. H. Weiler Autor/a New York University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5294/dika.2021.30.2.1

Palabras clave:

Control de constitucionalidad, derecho internacional, identidad, democracia

Resumen

Nuestro propósito en este artículo es retomar, actualizar y revisar teóricamente Judicial Review in the Contemporary World, de Mauro Cappelletti, una obra que fue pionera en su tratamiento del control constitucional. El principal recurso cartográfico, en homenaje a Cappelletti, es la metáfora de la ola. Trazamos un mapa de tres olas globales de control constitucional dentro de un mismo orden constitucional, las cuales son secuenciales y están superpuestas geográficamente a nivel mundial. La primera ola es la serie de “revoluciones constitucionales” al interior de los ordenamientos jurídicos nacionales. La segunda ola es la aparición del derecho internacional como fuente de derecho superior que los tribunales utilizan en el ejercicio de su poder de control constitucional. La tercera ola es una respuesta y reacción a la primera y segunda olas: por un lado, el intento de los tribunales nacionales de suplir las lagunas democráticas e identitarias del Estado de derecho en el marco de la gobernanza transnacional (tener una voz). Por el otro, es el conjunto de casos en los que los tribunales (y los Estados) tratan de escapar de la primera o la segunda ola (el escape). La interacción entre las olas y sus características dialécticas constituyen el marco explicativo que ofrecemos en este artículo. Al destacar las relaciones dialécticas dentro de las olas y entre ellas, esperamos desafiar la narrativa dominante sobre los procesos de constitucionalización como algo progresivo y evolutivo.

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