Controle constitucional no mundo contemporâneo: retrospectiva e prospectiva
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/dika.2021.30.2.1Palavras-chave:
Controle de constitucionalidade, direito internacional, identidade, democraciaResumo
O objetivo deste artigo é retomar, atualizar e revisar teoricamente a Judicial Review in the Contemporary World, de Mauro Cappelletti, uma obra que foi pioneira em seu tratamento do controle constitucional. Nosso principal recurso cartográfico, em homenagem a Cappelletti, é a metáfora da onda. Traçamos um mapa de três ondas globais de controle constitucional dentro de uma mesma ordem constitucional, as quais são sequenciais e estão sobrepostas geograficamente no mundo. A primeira onda é a série de “revoluções constitucionais” no interior dos ordenamentos jurídicos nacionais. A segunda onda é o surgimento do direito internacional como fonte de direito superior que os tribunais utilizam no exercício de seu poder de controle constitucional. A terceira onda é uma resposta e reação à primeira e à segunda ondas: por um lado, a tentativa dos tribunais nacionais de preencher as lacunas democráticas e identitárias do Estado de direito no âmbito da governança transnacional (ter uma voz). Por outro, é o conjunto de casos nos quais os tribunais (e os Estados) tentam escapar da primeira ou da segunda (a fuga). A interação entre as ondas e suas características dialéticas constituem o referencial explicativo que oferecemos neste artigo. Ao destacar as relações dialéticas dentro das ondas e entre elas, esperamos desafiar a narrativa dominante sobre os processos de constitucionalização como algo progressivo e evolutivo.
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