O aborto numa perspectiva internacional, após o caso Dobbs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/dika.2024.33.1.9Palavras-chave:
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos, legalidade do aborto, instrumentos de soft law, mecanismos de direitos humanosResumo
O Supremo Tribunal de Justiça americano anulou recentemente os precedentes que legalizavam o aborto no caso Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization. Este artigo analisa se esta decisão é consistente com o atual estatuto do aborto tal como estabelecido no Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos (DIDH), de acordo com as suas fontes (tratados e direito consuetudinário). Uma vez que não existe um tratado que inclua o direito ao aborto e não existe uma prática consistente entre os Estados para legalizar o aborto, são analisados outros instrumentos internacionais para clarificar o consenso sobre esta questão. Estes incluem os acordos alcançados nas Conferências Mundiais sobre População, a Quarta Conferência Mundial sobre as Mulheres de 1995 e os pronunciamentos e a jurisprudência dos mecanismos de direitos humanos (órgãos de controlo dos tratados e tribunais regionais). Esta análise mostra que os argumentos e as conclusões do processo Dobbs são coerentes com o que os Estados acordaram a nível internacional sobre esta questão.
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